Effects of rotation and topography on internal solitary waves governed by the rotating Gardner equation

Abstract. Nonlinear oceanic internal solitary waves are considered under the influence of combined effects saturating nonlinearity, Earth's rotation, and horizontal depth inhomogeneity. Here basic model is extended Korteweg–de Vries equation that includes both quadratic cubic nonlinearity (the Gardner equation) with additional terms incorporating slowly varying weak rotation. The complicated interplay between these different factors explored using an approximate adiabatic approach then through numerical solutions governing variable depth, i.e., rotating model. These results also compared to analysis in limit highlight effect nonlinearity. study explores several particular cases literature included some illustrate limitations. Solutions made relevance this for realistic conditions.